| Powerscript | 1992 | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| PowerShell | 2006 | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, inference typing, safe typing, strong typing | — |
| PQL | 2014 | declarative programming | — | — |
| Praspel | — | design by contract | — | — |
| Printer Job Language | — | — | — | — |
| Prismio | — | — | — | — |
| Pro-Dos BASIC | 1985 | — | — | — |
| Processing | 2001 | object-oriented programming | — | 1 |
| Processing.js | 2008 | — | — | — |
| Production Rule Representation | 2007 | — | — | — |
| Profile Scripting Language | 1998 | procedural programming, object-oriented programming | — | — |
| PROGOL | — | — | — | — |
| Programming Language for Business | 1972 | procedural programming, imperative programming | static typing, strong typing | — |
| Programming Language for Distributed Systems | — | — | — | — |
| Programming with Big Data in R | — | SPMD | dynamic typing | — |
| Prograph | 1983 | dataflow programming, multi-paradigm programming, visual programming language, object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Project Verona | 2019 | — | — | — |
| Prolog | 1972 | logic programming, declarative programming | — | 11 |
| PROMAL | 1984 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | — | — |
| ProvideX | 1992 | procedural programming, object-oriented programming | strong typing | — |
| Ptolemy Project | — | — | — | — |
| Publicodes | 2017 | — | — | — |
| Pure | 2008 | functional programming, declarative programming | dynamic typing, strong typing | — |
| Pure Data | 1996 | dataflow programming | — | — |
| PureBasic | 1998 | structured programming | — | — |
| PureScript | 2013 | functional programming, purely functional programming | static typing, inference typing, row polymorphism, strong typing | — |
| PWCT | — | multi-paradigm programming | — | — |
| Pyomo | — | — | — | — |
| Pyret | 2014 | — | — | — |
| Pyrex | 2002 | — | — | — |
| PyScript | 2022 | — | — | — |
| Python | 1991 | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming, dynamic programming | dynamic typing, gradual typing, duck typing | 32 |
| Python 3 | 2008 | — | — | — |
| Python for S60 | — | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| P′′ | 1964 | structured programming, imperative programming | — | 1 |
| Q | 2003 | functional programming, array programming | dynamic typing, strong typing | — |
| Q# | 2017 | functional programming, imperative programming, quantum programming | static typing, strong typing | — |
| Qalb | 2012 | functional programming | — | — |
| QB64 | — | — | — | — |
| QBasic | 1991 | procedural programming | — | 2 |
| QML | 2009 | reactive programming, declarative programming | dynamic typing, strong typing | 2 |
| Qore | — | procedural programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing | — |
| QuakeC | 1996 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | static typing, strong typing | — |
| Quartz Composer | — | — | — | — |
| QUEL | — | — | — | — |
| QuickBASIC | 1985 | — | — | 2 |
| QuickPascal | — | — | — | — |
| R | 1993 | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, array programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing | — |
| Racket | 1995 | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, modular programming, language-oriented programming, metaprogramming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, strong typing | — |
| Raku | 2015 | functional programming, imperative programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, gradual typing | — |
| RAPID | 1994 | — | — | — |
| Rapira | 1987 | procedural programming, structured programming | dynamic typing | — |
| Raptor | — | structured programming | — | — |
| RascalMPL | — | data conversion | — | — |
| Ratfor | 1976 | — | — | — |
| RBASIC | 1989 | — | — | — |
| Rc | 1989 | procedural programming, imperative programming | weak typing | — |
| Reaktor | — | — | — | — |
| Reason | 2016 | functional programming | static typing | 1 |
| REBOL | 1997 | prototype-based programming, functional programming, imperative programming, language-oriented programming | dynamic typing, strong typing | 2 |
| Red | 2011 | functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming | — | — |
| Refal | 1968 | functional programming | dynamic typing, strong typing | — |
| Regional Assembly Language | 1951 | — | — | — |
| Reia | — | — | — | — |
| Ren'Py | 2004 | — | — | — |
| ReScript | 2015 | functional programming | static typing | — |
| REXX | 1979 | procedural programming, structured programming | dynamic typing | 2 |
| Ring | 2016 | procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, duck typing | — |
| Rlab | — | array programming | — | — |
| Robic | 1975 | procedural programming | — | — |
| Robot Battle | 1994 | — | — | — |
| Roc | — | functional programming | static typing, inference typing | — |
| Rochester assembler | 1951 | — | — | — |
| Rockstar | 2018 | — | — | — |
| Rocq prover | 1984 | purely functional programming | — | 3 |
| Root | 1995 | — | — | — |
| RPG | 1959 | procedural programming | static typing, strong typing | 4 |
| RPG IV | 2001 | — | — | — |
| RPG/400 | 1988 | — | — | — |
| RPL | 1984 | structured programming, stack-oriented programming, object-oriented programming | — | — |