| LIPS | 2018 | — | — | — |
| Liquidsoap | — | — | — | — |
| Lisaac | 2003 | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Lisp | 1958 | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, metaprogramming | dynamic typing, strong typing | 39 |
| Lisp Machine Lisp | 1976 | object-oriented programming | — | 1 |
| Lisp-based Intelligent Software Agents | — | — | — | — |
| LispWorks | — | — | dynamic typing | — |
| Little b | 2004 | functional programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, strong typing | — |
| Little Smalltalk | — | — | — | — |
| LiveCode | 2001 | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| LiveScript | 2011 | functional programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, weak typing | 1 |
| LiveScript | — | — | — | — |
| Locomotive BASIC | 1984 | — | — | — |
| Lodu Code | — | — | — | — |
| Logica | — | — | — | — |
| Logo | 1967 | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming | dynamic typing | 11 |
| Logtalk | 1998 | prototype-based programming, logic programming, object-oriented programming | — | — |
| LOLCODE | 2007 | procedural programming, structured programming, imperative programming | — | — |
| LPC | 1989 | procedural programming, prototype-based programming, functional programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, static typing, weak typing, strong typing | 1 |
| LSE | 1960 | procedural programming, structured programming | — | — |
| Lua | 1993 | procedural programming, prototype-based programming, functional programming, imperative programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, duck typing, strong typing | 9 |
| Luau | — | — | — | — |
| Lucee | 2015 | — | dynamic typing | — |
| Lucid | 1976 | dataflow programming, concurrent computing, reactive programming, declarative programming | — | — |
| Luna | 2011 | — | — | — |
| Lustre | 1980 | dataflow programming, synchronous programming, declarative programming | — | — |
| LYaPAS | 1964 | functional programming, structured programming, array programming, modular programming | dynamic typing | — |
| Lynx | 1984 | — | — | — |
| M | 2008 | — | — | — |
| M language | — | — | — | — |
| M4 | 1977 | — | — | — |
| Maclisp | — | — | dynamic typing | 5 |
| MAD | 1959 | procedural programming, imperative programming | — | — |
| Magik | 1989 | object-oriented programming | dynamic typing | — |
| MAGMA-Lisp | 1973 | — | — | — |
| Make | 1976 | macro | — | — |
| Malbolge | 1998 | esoteric programming | — | — |
| MapBasic | — | — | — | — |
| Mapbox Style Specification | — | declarative programming | — | — |
| Maple | 1982 | procedural programming, functional programming, object-oriented programming | — | 1 |
| MapLibre Style Specification | — | declarative programming | — | — |
| MAPPER | 1968 | — | — | — |
| Mary | 1971 | imperative programming | static typing, strong typing | — |
| MATH-MATIC | 1957 | imperative programming | — | 1 |
| Mathcad | 1986 | — | — | — |
| Mathematica | 1988 | functional programming, array programming | — | — |
| MATLAB | 1984 | — | — | 3 |
| MATLAB | 1970 | procedural programming, functional programming, imperative programming, array programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, weak typing | 1 |
| Maude system | — | reflective programming, logic programming, metaprogramming | — | — |
| Max (programming language) | — | declarative programming, visual programming language | — | — |
| Maya Embedded Language | 1998 | — | — | — |
| MC# | 2003 | — | — | — |
| MDL | — | — | — | — |
| MDL | 1971 | reflective programming, procedural programming, functional programming, metaprogramming | dynamic typing, strong typing | 1 |
| Mercury | 1995 | functional programming, logic programming, purely functional programming, multi-paradigm programming, object-oriented programming | static typing, parametric polymorphism, uniqueness typing, strong typing | — |
| Mesa | 1976 | procedural programming | static typing, strong typing | 2 |
| Metafont | 1979 | declarative programming | — | 1 |
| Metamath | — | — | — | — |
| MetaPost | 1994 | imperative programming, declarative programming | dynamic typing, duck typing, strong typing | 1 |
| MetaQuotes Language | 2005 | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Mewar Programming Language | 2025 | imperative programming | — | — |
| MexScript | 1997 | domain-specific language | dynamic typing | — |
| Micro Lua DS | 2008 | — | — | — |
| Microalg | 2014 | — | — | — |
| MicroBlocks | — | live coding | — | — |
| Microsoft BASIC | 1975 | — | — | — |
| Microsoft C | 1983 | structured programming, declarative programming, object-oriented programming | — | — |
| Microsoft Excel Macro, version 4 | — | — | — | — |
| Microsoft Macro Assembler | 1981 | — | — | — |
| Microsoft Pascal | — | — | — | — |
| Microsoft Small Basic | 2008 | structured programming | dynamic typing, weak typing | — |
| MIIS | 1971 | — | dynamic typing | — |
| Milk | — | — | — | — |
| MIMIC | 1964 | object-oriented programming | — | — |
| MiniZinc | 2009 | constraint programming | strong typing | — |
| Mirah | 2008 | imperative programming, object-oriented programming | dynamic typing, static typing, inference typing, strong typing | — |
| Miranda | 1985 | purely functional programming, declarative programming | static typing, strong typing | 3 |
| MIRC scripting language | 1995 | event-driven programming, procedural programming | dynamic typing | — |
| Misty | — | dynamic typing, actor model | — | — |
| MIT/GNU Scheme | — | — | dynamic typing, latent typing, strong typing | — |